The demographics of China demonstrate a large population with a relatively small youth component, partially a result of China 's one-child policy. China's population reached 1 billion in As of November , China's population stood at 1. According to the census , China's population growth rate is only 0. During β, the population grew to nearly 1. Under Mao Zedong , China nearly doubled in population from million in to million in This growth slowed because of the one-child policy instituted in The People's Republic of China conducted censuses in , , , , , and In , the government announced that the fourth national census would take place in and that there would be one every ten years thereafter.
The census which reported a total population of 1,,, is generally accepted as significantly more reliable, accurate, and thorough than the previous two. China has been the world's most populous nation for many centuries. By the sixth census in , the total population had reached to 1,,,, with the mainland having 1,,,, Hong Kong having 7,,, and Macau having , In China conducted its first population census since It was by far the most thorough and accurate census taken since and confirmed that China was a nation of more than 1 billion people, or about one-fifth of the world's population.
The census provided demographers with a set of data on China's age-sex structure, fertility and mortality rates, and population density and distribution. Information was also gathered on minority ethnic groups, urban population, and marital status. For the first time since the People's Republic of China was founded, demographers had reliable information on the size and composition of the Chinese work force.
The nation began preparing for the census in late Chinese census workers were sent to the United States and Japan to study modern census-taking techniques and automation. Computers were installed in every provincial-level unit except Tibet and were connected to a central processing system in the Beijing headquarters of the State Statistical Bureau. Pretests and small scale trial runs were conducted and checked for accuracy between and in twenty-four provincial-level units.
Census stations were opened in rural production brigades and urban neighborhoods. Beginning on 1 July , each household sent a representative to a census station to be enumerated. The census required about a month to complete and employed approximately 5 million census takers. The census collected data in nineteen demographic categories relating to individuals and households. The thirteen areas concerning individuals were name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, nationality, registration status, educational level, profession, occupation, status of nonworking persons, marital status, number of children born and still living, and number of births in The six items pertaining to households were type domestic or collective , serial number, number of persons, number of births in , number of deaths in , and number of registered persons absent for more than one year.
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